【史海钩沉】堤——福清沿海防波堤、防风林现状走笔
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010513" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010513"><!-- 付费贴--> <div class="preview_article "> <!----> <p class="empty_paragraph"> </p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240713165303front2_0_153532_FqdyuXlnvUbuRCRFvXSF-CoKydPv.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="719" data-qf-origin="forum/20240713165303front2_0_153532_FqdyuXlnvUbuRCRFvXSF-CoKydPv.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>（一）</p><p>福清地处祖国东南沿海，海域面积占市域总面积的约40%；域内长达408千米的海岸线，占到福建省海岸线总长度的11%。</p><p>沿着这条漫长而曲折的海岸线，从与长乐交界的元洪码头，一直走到福清新厝与莆田涵江交界的萩芦溪入海口，你会惊奇地发现，最强烈刺激你眼球的，是或长或短、或高或低的一条条海堤。海堤之外，大海广袤，浪涛汹涌，鸥鸟翔集。海堤之内，或阡陌相连，大棚连绵，稻禾青青，瓜果飘香；或池沼棋布，塘淖星罗，水波潋滟，鱼跃虾蹦；或厂房排排，机声轰鸣，生气勃勃，车水马龙，构成一曲曲社会主义现代化新福清的交响诗。</p><p>（二）</p><p>在许多地方，构筑堤防主要是为了抵御水患。堤防发挥着不可替代的防卫作用。</p><p>在福清，这些长短不等、修筑年代不一的海堤，就像一条条巨龙横卧在大海之滨，它们拒万顷汹涛于大堤之外，护千亩良田于大堤之内。吟唱着一部部福清人民向大海要地的围垦史诗。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240713165358front2_0_153532_FkQLe1N48QbDyW_8AiXKVN6Wm4Af.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="600" height="360" data-qf-origin="forum/20240713165358front2_0_153532_FkQLe1N48QbDyW_8AiXKVN6Wm4Af.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p style="font-weight: 400;">历史上的福清，“地广土瘠”“山多田少”，由于缺乏衣食之本，历代先民苦于衣食。为了改变缺田少粮的生存境况，玉融儿女向海而生、“靠海吃海”，不停地与距离家园最近的大海争地盘、虎口夺食粮。他们世世代代、年年月月，用单薄而又坚强的臂膊，不安天命、战天斗地，移来山包、筑起海堤，用自己的双手向大海要田地，向大海要家园。</p><p style="font-weight: 400;">于是，从晚唐五代到上世纪70年代，在福清大地上，他们留下那些或长或短，或高或低的海堤，把堤内大片土地育成良田，产出米粮，养活自己。从改革开放初期的工业化浪潮到进入新时代高质量发展，这些与海争来的平洋，又成为发展工业的最佳园区，成为多种经营的产业基地。</p><p style="font-weight: 400;">对亲手筑起的万里海堤，福清人怀有一种特别的感情。一条条蜿蜒矗立的海堤，把大海挡在堤外，形成今天连片千亩万亩的大湖洋、江镜洋、五龙洋、棉亭洋、上迳洋和其他大大小小的平洋，将福清的土地面积扩大了数十万亩。福清人民时时关注它，天天巡视它，年年加固它。它成了一种永恒，延续了1000余年。</p><p style="font-weight: 400;">（三）</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240713165509front2_0_153532_FmNbX8y4UmitgKAEwGsXEDANBMmy.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="720" data-qf-origin="forum/20240713165509front2_0_153532_FmNbX8y4UmitgKAEwGsXEDANBMmy.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p style="font-weight: 400;">无独有偶，沿着福清海岸线行走，我们的视线总又离不开另外一道同样曲折蜿蜒的“堤”。它与海堤走向基本平行，只是通常都比围海之堤更加高大而且宽阔。它就是福清人民治海的另一道风景线，护卫家园的另一道绿色长城——沿海防护林带。</p><p style="font-weight: 400;">福清“涵山纳海”，200年前的西部山区还是苍翠成片，林木繁盛，不像百多年后林毁山秃，童山濯濯。而沿海一线，却由于台风凌虐、骤雨侵蚀，多呈巨石垒垒，林木稀少。这种气候和地理环境，又会加重水土流失，直到新中国成立之初，沿海一线广大乡村依然笼罩在悲凉萧杀的氛围里。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240713165535front2_0_153532_Fv5qHXZpQZLWHaaJQqmc8QYbX3o8.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="819" data-qf-origin="forum/20240713165535front2_0_153532_Fv5qHXZpQZLWHaaJQqmc8QYbX3o8.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>福清东部濒临的海坛海峡，是世界上第三大风口海域之一，是著名的“风弄”。海坛海峡及其周边地区，一年之中有可能大半年风力超过6级。每逢夏秋之交台风多发季节，风力更猛，飞沙走石，封路埋房，成为福清、平潭沿海乡村旱灾之外的又一大灾害。加之民国以前的沿海堤防多为土筑，由于风猛浪激，经常塌方溃堤，造成海水倒灌。常言“火烧一半，水毁全完”，被海水淹泡的土地至少三年绝收，更是加重了沿海民众的苦难。那时的人们也曾尝试过种树防风抗浪，但由于政府腐败无能，民众势单力孤，往往事倍功半，种不活几株树，成不了防风林带，风沙、海潮依然肆意为虐。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240713165557front2_0_153532_FvWvu5Xk7jQSDqrIivvdFvHhVY1K.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="550" height="376" data-qf-origin="forum/20240713165557front2_0_153532_FvWvu5Xk7jQSDqrIivvdFvHhVY1K.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>上世纪50年代，中华人民共和国成立之初，人民政府就动员、鼓励、组织全县人民大规模植树造林，营造沿海防护林带，一株株、一行行、一片片适合盐碱沙地的树种——木麻黄，经反复尝试，终于成为主打力量。经过近40年的不懈努力，到上世纪90年代，福清人民在408千米的海岸线上，筑起了另一道绿色长堤，牢牢地锁住了风魔，锁住了恶浪，保住了堤内数十万亩良田年年丰稔，岁岁安澜。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240713165639front2_0_153532_FrptIfCcMOHYdNBVl4vB1pg9IlHk.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="720" data-qf-origin="forum/20240713165639front2_0_153532_FrptIfCcMOHYdNBVl4vB1pg9IlHk.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p style="font-weight: 400;">堤，福清的堤，一是水上长城，锁住狂浪，造就沃地；一是绿色长城，镇住风沙，保护良田。</p><p style="font-weight: 400;">堤，是福清人民向海而生、战天斗地的历史见证，是一卷福清人民艰苦创业、改天换地的立体大书。</p><p>作者：严家梅，福清市首批社科专家</p><p> </p><p>来源：知福清</p><p>2024年07月13日 07:36 福建</p> <!----></div> 烟花哥开始讲历史了{:5_218:}
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