【玉融文化】从“骹”字，看福清方言的丰厚底蕴

梦想何先生 发表于 2024-6-27 19:34:55

<style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010513" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010513"> <div class="preview_article ">  （一）普通话的“足”，福清话有两种表述，一是“脚”，二是“骹”。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240627193324front2_0_153532_FsYVehfEQKMck6PwLt8i9JxVSm8j.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="680" height="1024" data-qf-origin="forum/20240627193324front2_0_153532_FsYVehfEQKMck6PwLt8i9JxVSm8j.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />“脚jiǎo”，福清方言读【gyo12】，《戚林八音》：“脚（求香切，阴入），足也。”<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240627193338front2_0_153532_Fqq3SzY1MTawL3U-2OP5gi06adSp.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="360" height="360" data-qf-origin="forum/20240627193338front2_0_153532_Fqq3SzY1MTawL3U-2OP5gi06adSp.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />“骹qiāo”，福清方言读【ka53】（气嘉切，阴平），《说文解字》：“骹，胫也。”胫骨近脚处较细的部分，亦指脚。北宋著名文学家苏轼的七言律诗《次韵袁公济谢芎椒诗》，其中有“河鱼溃腹空号楚，汗水流骹始信吴”句，这里的“骹”，就是脚、脚心的意思。由此可见，千年之前，诸如“骹”这类文字，已经在唐宋文化中大量运用。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240627193353front2_0_153532_FpzS2NGmSnzXm9tNnkXEUo0da4yA.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="649" height="500" data-qf-origin="forum/20240627193353front2_0_153532_FpzS2NGmSnzXm9tNnkXEUo0da4yA.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />福清方言是唐宋古音的“活化石”。以“足”为例，除了书面语偶用“脚”之外，大量的口语词汇，都是使用“骹”字。（二）近现代以来，中华民族共同语经历了大量的革新和演变，一些原来在中原地区盛行的汉语语词逐渐式微。比如“骹”字，《现代汉语词典》没有收入，但在传承了中原官话的唐宋古音“活化石”福清方言中，却存留有大量与“骹”相关的词汇。第一类：“骹”，用作本义，足、脚的意思。【骹尖】【ka44zie53】脚尖。【骹皮】【ka44pui44】脚的硬皮。【骹戋指】【ka44zia32 zai32】脚趾头。【骹跖底】【ka44zyo21læ32】脚掌。【骹目核】【ka44moe44ho15】踝骨。【骹后】【ka44øau4 la53】脚后跟。【骹肚仔】【ka44lu44gia32】小腿。【骹肚母】【ka44lu44mo32】大腿。【骹覆头】【ka44pu12 tau44】膝盖。【骹攽下】【ka44ba44øa42】胯下。【骹布】【ka44buo21】擦脚布。【骹碗】【ka44øua32】脚掌凹进的部位。无脚腕者不能当兵。【骹踏车】【ka44la15cia53】自行车。【骹车背】【ka44cia44bui42】用于载客的自行车。第二类：“骹”，用作比喻义，足下，手下供使唤的人。【骹手】【ka44 ziu32】人手。供使唤的人。【骹仔】【ka44øia32】狗腿子。供使唤的人。【骹角】【ka44gyo21】手下，供使唤的人。第三类：“骹”，用作引申义，跟走路相关。【骹遛】【ka44liu44】①游玩，散步，旅游。②玩弄：伊爱～人（他喜欢玩弄人）。【骹神】【ka44si44】①走路时脚步的轻重：伊行路～嘢轻（他走路脚步很轻）。②勤快的程度：伊～轻，一告就行（他很勤快，一喊他做事情，他就走）。【骹遛仔】【ka44liu44 øia32】浪荡子。【骹遛溪】【ka44liu44kæ53】把人当傻瓜耍。【骹遛做】【ka44liu44zo21】边玩边做，极不认真。【骹遛帮】【ka53liu44 bo53】常在一起玩的伙伴。【骹手解】【ka44ziu44hai42】戏剧术语，演员的手脚身段。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240627193414front2_0_153532_Ft44bd47nc28BK3tvBFyeELXzSL7.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="279" height="411" data-qf-origin="forum/20240627193414front2_0_153532_Ft44bd47nc28BK3tvBFyeELXzSL7.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />此外，日常生活中常用的词汇还有：洗骹（洗脚），猪骹（猪蹄），鸡骹（鸡爪），桌骹（桌脚），椅骹（椅脚），透骹（舒畅），刣骹（赌博时合伙宰人），翘蚊骹（摆架子），等等。（三）熟语，是在长期的历史发展过程中逐渐形成的、为人们所熟悉的定型词组或短句。福清方言熟语中，也有不少与“骹”有关。<img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240627193429front2_0_153532_Fg39O066Sc2SLklIMgMlHgT5Ibz-.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="450" height="309" data-qf-origin="forum/20240627193429front2_0_153532_Fg39O066Sc2SLklIMgMlHgT5Ibz-.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" />骹踏两条船。意即脚踩两只船。骹戋指会拍算盘。比喻精于计算。骹踏底门三般相。指谈婚论嫁时，女方代表到男方家里看家境。死人骹尾。比喻狗不拉屎的偏远地方。会晓蚊翘骹。意即知道个啥？天对依奶骹。意即答非所问，近于风马牛不相及。卜上轿，来缠骹。比喻临阵磨枪。细骹肚做，大骹肚食。意即有的人劳作，有的人享受，劳逸不均。牛骹落着别人箂仔底。意思是把柄落在别人手里。作者：陈则东，福清方言研究会名誉会长 来源：知福清2024-06-27 18:44 福建  </div>

半度微凉 发表于 2024-6-28 22:16:59

文化底蕴很重要

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【玉融文化】从“骹”字，看福清方言的丰厚底蕴