鱼头侄儿
发表于 2025-8-1 20:42:24
走进城头之二——孝起泉涌
<p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2.25em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;">相较于号称“闽刹之冠”的鼓山涌泉寺，位于福清<span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">城头镇</span>的涌泉寺名气似乎逊色了许多。“滴水之恩，当涌泉相报”出自《增广贤文·朱子家训》，中国人教人向善，讲“善有善报”，崇尚见义勇为，鄙薄见利忘义，中国的孝道文化则是千百年来以尊老敬老为核心的道德规范，涵盖家庭伦理、社会责任与政治道德，被视为传统文化的重要组成部分。而福清涌泉寺的由来便与此相关。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2.25em;"><br/></p><p></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap;"></section><p></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: center;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">“古龙涌泉寺”牌坊</span></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: center;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2.25em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">五代十国时期</span>，福清方成里古龙村（今五龙村）有个叫林安的人，知书达理，尤其孝敬母亲。其母去世后，他在母亲的墓茔旁边搭了一座草庐，长年守在母亲身边。虽然墓地周围并无水源，但林安的孝行感天动地，有一天，墓园旁的巨石突然裂开，涌出汩汩泉水。地方官很诧异，遂将此事上报闽王王审知，闽王知情后也深受感动。为表彰林安的孝行，下令官府拨出库银，在泉眼石旁建起一座寺院，敕名“涌泉寺”，并亲题寺院匾额。据王审知在位时间推算，涌泉寺应是在公元909至925年间兴建，距今至少1100年。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2.25em;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2.25em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;">林安的孝行故事，几乎有关福建的所有明清史志都有记载。明代陈道、黄仲昭纂的《八闽通志》“寺观”部记载：“</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(151, 72, 6);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;">涌泉寺，五代时孝子林安所居宅也。安尝庐墓于此，石裂泉涌，闽王赐是额</span></strong></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;">”。此书的“人物·孝义”部又载：“</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(151, 72, 6);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;">林安，福清人。事母至孝，母死，庐墓旁，有石自裂涌泉，闽王异之，以其庐为涌泉寺。</span></strong></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;">”明代王应山撰《闽大记》、明代凌迪知的《万姓统谱》、乾隆版《福州府志》和康熙、乾隆两版《福清县志》，都有类似记载。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2.25em;"><br/></p><p></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap;"></section><p></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: center;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">“住涌泉僧显端舍井一口，丁丑造”</span></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: center;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2.25em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;">现涌泉寺收藏一口花岗岩古井圈，上面刻有“</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(151, 72, 6);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;">住涌泉僧显端舍井一口，丁丑造</span></strong></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;">”。这个井圈原是涌泉寺僧人显端捐建的，方便大家生活。后被邻村村民移走另安他井，近期被寺院赎回。古井已废，井圈犹在，见证了涌泉寺的千年兴替与沧桑巨变。若按照闽王时期涌泉寺建寺推算，井圈上的“丁丑”最早可为闽王贞明三年（917年），依此而论，涌泉寺的建寺时间亦不迟于闽王贞明三年（917年）。不过这口井所在的位置尚需论证，寺院僧人在大殿后方修了个蓄水设施，上面修了个崭新的井圈，也落款涌泉二字。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2.25em;"><br/></p><p></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap;"></section><p></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2.25em;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2.25em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;">不仅林安“事母至孝”感动了闽王。林安的六世孙林正华也是个大孝子，他在母亲去世后，将其归葬涌泉山麓，林正华结庐于墓旁相守。有人将此事报告官府，官府也给予表彰，因此史志上把林安、林正华称为“涌泉大小孝子”。对于林正华的介绍，《八闽通志》尤详：“<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(214, 168, 65);">林正华，字君辅。至和（即宋至和年间，1054—1056年）中入太学，后弃归养母。母卒，水浆不入口者累日，已而蔬食，日诵释氏书。越二年，卜葬于涌泉山，凿石营圹，手胝足胼不少懈。既葬，庐于墓侧，寝苫枕块，号摩不已。俄而祥云滃，甘露降，鸟乌翔集，虎豹遁藏。乡人白于官，旌之。正华，安之六代孙也，故世称‘涌泉大小孝子’云。</span>”看来古人对于孝道的弘扬也是不遗余力的，敏感度特别高，实际上这也起到了增强凝聚力、维持社会稳定和提升公民品德的作用。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2.25em;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2.25em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;">《八闽通志》还记载，五龙林正华母亲的墓石上，刻有“林孝子”三字，是“宋尚书员外郎丘与龄”所篆。丘与龄是福建瓯宁（1913年与建安县合并为建瓯县）人，庆历二年（1042年）进士。北宋仁宗嘉祐（1056—1063年）年间的福清知县。根据《八闽通志》关于林正华和丘与龄的记载，林正华上太学的“至和”年间，丘与龄中进士的“庆历”年间，丘与龄任福清知县的“嘉祐”年间，均为北宋仁宗赵祯在位期间。这也说明，北宋时的古龙涌泉寺，孝子大德引来香火隆盛，亦备受官府重视。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2.25em;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0em; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2.25em;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2.25em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;">如今的涌泉寺已经重新修缮，恢复了圆通宝殿，边上还修建了露天观音石像，总体看过去小巧玲珑，只是奇怪的是一个整体协调的寺院中间修了一道高高的墙体，让本来就不大面积的地方略显局促。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 2.25em;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: center;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;">撰文：白撞雨</span></p><p style="margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; list-style: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Microsoft Yahei; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: center;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px;"> 高 山</span></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_cKz" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
半度微凉
发表于 2025-8-1 22:09:18
百善孝为先
清香百合花
发表于 2025-8-2 12:44:10
历史感扑面而来，
lzhoiung1
发表于 2025-8-2 15:03:49
1100多年的寺庙，想想就觉得厉害，一砖一瓦都在说故事吧。
灯光舞台婚庆
发表于 2025-8-2 15:58:00
一直以为涌泉寺只有鼓山有，原来福清这座才藏着这么深的孝文化密码，涨知识了！
hybcgs
发表于 2025-8-2 17:32:53
古人对“祥云甘露、鸟乌翔集”这种祥瑞的记载，其实也是对孝道的一种浪漫化肯定吧～
Y深R精
发表于 2025-8-2 18:31:13
林正华弃学养母、凿石营圹的细节太戳人了，“手胝足胼不少懈”，这才是真·孝子啊。
亮剑88
发表于 2025-8-2 19:20:02
丘与龄为墓石题字那段，突然觉得历史好巧妙，不同时空的人因孝道联系在一起了。
期待称心
发表于 2025-8-2 19:37:10
寺庙虽小但“五脏俱全”，露天观音像应该是后来加的吧？古今结合的感觉还挺奇妙。
shz101210
发表于 2025-8-2 23:02:12
五代十国到现在1100多年，光那个刻字的井圈就够有分量了，感觉每一道纹路都是历史的印记～