【玉融文化】福清人的“过白露”
<section><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">白露,是中国农历中的一个传统节气。<br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">《月令七十二候集解》关于“白露”的诠释:“水土湿气凝而为露,秋属金,金色白,白者露之色,而气始寒也。”意即自此天气逐渐转凉,昼夜温差逐渐加大。而在室外,常见水汽遇冷凝结成珠,点落花草树木之上,故称“白露”。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">福清民谚中,有“白露秋风夜,一夜冷一夜”,“白露白茫茫,无被不上床”之说。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">与“冬至”“夏至”既是节气也是过节不同,“白露”在许多地方仅仅是一个节气而已。但在福清,“白露”这一天却连带着丰富的习俗。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">旧时在福清人的生活中,“过白露”常常被当作过节一样倍受重视。究其原因,是我们的先贤观察自然、适应自然中得到启示、总结经验,特别是白露意味着仲秋,预示着秋去冬来,雁雀开始忙着储食备冬,而作为人类,在没有空调这样取暖设备的年代,为了捱过苦寒,一些有条件的人家开始谋划提早滋补、养精蓄锐。久而久之,在福清民间,逐渐形成了“过白露”的饮食文化等相关习俗。</p></section><p><br/></p><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; transform: translate3d(19px, 0px, 0px); margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: -26px;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 10px;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;padding-right: 5px;"><section style="font-size: 19px;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);background-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><strong>白</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="font-size: 19px;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);background-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><strong>露</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;"><section style="transform: perspective(0px);transform-style: flat;"><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 0;transform: rotateY(180deg);"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 93px;height: auto;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);padding: 3px;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);padding: 26px 19px;"><section style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">(一)饮鸭露</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">鸭露,也称鸭汁,作为流行于福清地区的一大补品神汤,其营养价值不言而喻。</p><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">番鸭因其肉质鲜美、营养丰富而备受人们青睐。白露这一天,福清人常常选择番鸭来炖制鸭露,因为其滋补效果显著,更因其作为饮食文化盛传至今。福清人注重食疗养生,善于利用当地丰富的食材制作各种美食,而鸭露作为其中的佼佼者,更是承载了福清人对健康和美味的追求。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">当然,上了年纪的人都会清晰记得,在过去物质还不富足的年代,在一个家庭里,有机会享用鸭露者,常常只有家中的强劳力,他们是全家的顶梁柱;或者是成绩优异的小秀才,他们是全家的新希望。因为家里肚里少油、嗷嗷待哺者甚多,主妇们蒸煮鸭露,只能在半夜三更偷偷进行,以免僧多粥少,难以分派。</p><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">福清番鸭也有优劣之分,来自沙埔目屿岛的番鸭当是一流。据说,目屿岛的番鸭天然放养,不喂饲料,只吃海边鱼虾蟹螺,香甜酥韧,别具风味。在首届福清十大小吃评选中,目屿番鸭位居前茅,可见名不虚传。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; transform: translate3d(19px, 0px, 0px); margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: -26px;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 10px;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;padding-right: 5px;"><section style="font-size: 19px;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);background-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><strong>白</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="font-size: 19px;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);background-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><strong>露</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;"><section style="transform: perspective(0px);transform-style: flat;"><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 0;transform: rotateY(180deg);"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 93px;height: auto;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);padding: 3px;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);padding: 26px 19px;"><section style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">(二)喝酒娘</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">酒娘,也称酒酿,是带糟的甜米酒。</p><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">在福清一些乡村,民众在农闲时喜欢自酿酒娘。这些酿制的酒娘香甜可口,但后劲十足,农家常常作为待客的饮品。“无酒不成席”,在红白喜事、节日庆典时,也经常被端上餐桌,成为不可或缺的一部分。人们通过喝酒娘来庆祝节日、增进感情、祈福未来。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">“白露”这一天喝酒娘,过去也是福清人中间一个普遍的习俗。酒娘具有滋补身体、养颜美容、活血化瘀等功效,因此许多家庭自制酒娘,实际上也安排作为日常保健品来食用。特别是对于一些身体虚弱、产后恢复的女性,酒娘更被当作不可或缺的滋补佳品。</p><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">福清人喜欢直接饮用酒娘,感受其独特的甜润口感和浓郁酒香。还喜欢将酒娘与各种食材搭配食用,比如将酒娘加入汤圆中,制成米酒小汤圆;将酒娘与鸡蛋、红糖等一起煮,成为酒酿蛋;将酒娘与尚未下过蛋的小母鸡一起炖,是坐月子产妇的一道传统佳肴。酒娘的“百搭”方式,不仅丰富了其口感和风味,还增加了其营养价值。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; transform: translate3d(19px, 0px, 0px); margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: -26px;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 10px;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;padding-right: 5px;"><section style="font-size: 19px;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);background-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><strong>白</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="font-size: 19px;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);background-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><strong>露</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;"><section style="transform: perspective(0px);transform-style: flat;"><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 0;transform: rotateY(180deg);"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 93px;height: auto;"></section></section><p style="text-align: center;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);padding: 3px;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);padding: 26px 19px;"><section style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">(三)食番薯</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">福清素有“地瓜县”之称,白露节气食用新上的番薯,也是正当其时。</p><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">白露时节,气温逐渐转凉,人体的消化系统也需要适应季节的变化。民间认为,番薯具有中和胃酸、促进消化的作用,因此在白露时节食用番薯,可以帮助人们缓解因季节转换而可能出现的胃部不适,如胃酸过多等问题。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; transform: translate3d(19px, 0px, 0px); margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: -26px;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 10px;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;padding-right: 5px;"><section style="font-size: 19px;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);background-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><strong>白</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="font-size: 19px;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);background-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><strong>露</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;"><section style="transform: perspective(0px);transform-style: flat;"><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 0;transform: rotateY(180deg);"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 93px;height: auto;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);padding: 3px;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);padding: 26px 19px;"><section style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">(四)吃龙眼</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">在福清渔溪等镇街,有白露当天必吃龙眼的传统习俗。民间认为,在白露这一天吃龙眼,有大补身体的奇效。确实,这一习俗在当地深入人心,并且蕴含了丰富的民间养生智慧。</p><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">龙眼,又称桂圆,是一种营养丰富的水果。它富含葡萄糖、蔗糖、蛋白质、多种维生素和矿物质,这些成分对人体健康十分有益,能够滋补身体,增强免疫力,改善贫血,缓解失眠和神经衰弱等症状。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">白露这天,福清人食用龙眼方法上也有讲究。将浸泡好的大米加入适量清水,放入锅中用中火煮至米粒开花、汤汁浓稠;将龙眼去壳去核,留下果肉备用。待稀饭接近煮熟之时,将处理好的龙眼果肉倒入锅中,继续用小火慢煮几分钟,使龙眼的香甜充分融入稀饭中。根据个人口味,可适当加入少量冰糖、蜂蜜进行调味。最后将煮好的龙眼稀饭盛入碗中,即可享用。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; transform: translate3d(19px, 0px, 0px); margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: -26px;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 10px;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;padding-right: 5px;"><section style="font-size: 19px;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);background-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><strong>白</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="font-size: 19px;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);background-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><strong>露</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;"><section style="transform: perspective(0px);transform-style: flat;"><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 0;transform: rotateY(180deg);"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 93px;height: auto;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);padding: 3px;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(164, 189, 212);padding: 26px 19px;"><section style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">(五)收清露</p><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">过去在白露这一天清晨,福清人会走到野外,收集草叶上的露水。如今,这个习俗已几近失传。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">据李时珍《本草纲目》载,“秋露繁时,以盘收取,煎如饴,令人延年不饥”,“百草头上秋露,未唏时收取,愈百病,止消渴,令人身轻不饥,肌肉悦泽”,“百花上露,令人好颜色”。就是说露水具有治疗疾病、止渴等多种功效。</p><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-wrap: wrap;">收集清露的习俗,不仅体现了人与自然的和谐共处,还寄托了人们对健康长寿的美好愿望。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: right;text-wrap: wrap;">首发:知福清</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: right;text-wrap: wrap;">作者:张海燕,福清市老年学学会</p></section><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_J03" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 白露还有这么多讲究 都是好吃的 又学到了很多东西。
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