【史海钩沉】玉屿松涛话衰荣
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010513" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010513"><!-- 付费贴--> <div class="preview_article "> <!----> <p>（一）</p><p>福清的江阴半岛，位于福建省最大的海湾兴化湾北侧，是全省的第五大岛屿。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240522124839front2_0_153532_FrzEV6ON-ajDnku5z66Y3BnHi-TB.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="660" height="440" data-qf-origin="forum/20240522124839front2_0_153532_FrzEV6ON-ajDnku5z66Y3BnHi-TB.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>相传宋代大儒朱熹月夜登棉亭第一山，月光下东望江阴，双髻山上有石荧荧发光，故称其为白屿，后雅化为玉屿。</p><p>清代乾隆时期修撰的《福清县志》卷首收录有“福清十二景图说”，其中一景是“玉屿松涛”。</p><p>《玉屿松涛图说》文曰，“松籁为涛，比比皆然，曷取于玉屿？曰松多而韵异也。玉屿距县南六十里，在版籍曰江阴，周围带海，四面襟山。绝顶有鸿休岩，以高僧得名。凭高环瞩，云涛接天。南望莆阳，壶公、天马诸山，是供几席几，洵伟观也。厥土纯白，多产松，四山殆满，而岳麓尤盛。山以海为息，松即以山为息。微风不动，潮拥松声，洞洞杳杳，岩谷哙口宏。松籁潮音，殊不可以几微辨也。间有游履至止，罕能知之。唯神清意远者，日坐其间，为能得其三昧”。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240522124905front2_0_153532_FgUZ_PKROYTi1u_5Wsrppmq-tgzy.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="500" height="666" data-qf-origin="forum/20240522124905front2_0_153532_FgUZ_PKROYTi1u_5Wsrppmq-tgzy.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>由此可见，至迟晚至乾隆时期，江阴岛仍然是“多产松”，且“潮拥松声，洞洞查查，岩谷哙口宏，松籁潮音，殊不可以几微辨也”。</p><p>据江阴当地老一辈介绍，他们小时候曾听父祖们讲述旧时江阴的自然风貌，那时从岛西北的双髻山，经铁坑山、天马山、金峰寨到南端的鼎脐山，山山岭岭均栽满松树。村村社社都有一片大小不一的风水林。沿着海岸线，近岸所有的滩涂尽是红树林，长满一种民间称之为“蓝盘”的耐盐碱灌木。</p><p>（二）</p><p>清代乾隆之后的200多年间，由于人口暴增，一方面为扩大山园种植番薯，民众无休止地毁林开荒，另一方面为解决薪炭需求，又大量砍伐林木，加以不断拔除滩涂红树以扩大蛏蛎养殖，故以清代晚期直至上世纪50年代，原来绿意葱笼的江阴山，已然不见当初的模样。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240522124927front2_0_153532_Fpwp5qLjGoN8_MswFscHvEz1TFPc.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="960" height="1280" data-qf-origin="forum/20240522124927front2_0_153532_Fpwp5qLjGoN8_MswFscHvEz1TFPc.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>由于缺少林木保护，江阴半岛西北的大小山头水土流失十分严重，本就不厚的表层熟土多被雨水冲下海滩，露出山谷中大小不一的石头。沿海滩涂红树林消失后，大片沙化，形成大小沙丘。童山濯濯，石骨嶙峋；沙丘漫布，风沙肆虐。每年夏秋台风季节，狂风夹带着沙砾，打得人们面颊生痛，不敢出门。暴风中沙丘移动，淹没农田，覆盖房舍。</p><p>那时的江阴，由于生态破坏、水土流失，旱涝无常、粮食减产，成为福清最为贫困落后的乡镇之一，人言“江阴山是死人脚尾”。</p><p>而“玉屿松涛”，唯留在文字上和人们的记忆中。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240522124948front2_0_153532_Fku_r3UwD9vThuCREWvB43kWZWrJ.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="720" data-qf-origin="forum/20240522124948front2_0_153532_Fku_r3UwD9vThuCREWvB43kWZWrJ.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>（三）</p><p>上世纪50年代初期，党和政府广泛发动江阴民众上山植树，绿化江阴。但由于当地民众生活仍然艰困，尤其薪炭严重匮乏，连地上刚长出的青草都常常被挖铲填入灶膛。每年冬季，甚至还有众多的农家，必须渡海到对岸的渔溪“包山讨柴”，以解决家中做饭薪柴的不足。故以当年植下的小树，不是因干旱缺水自然死亡，就是被偷偷砍伐作为应急柴炭。尽管一些山坡最终也也成活了一些树木，但总体上秃山旷野状况并未彻底改变，更谈不上再现“玉屿松涛”了。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240522125002front2_0_153532_FvvgSrh00SdeNnV5P6SaFY2JRzyN.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="395" height="230" data-qf-origin="forum/20240522125002front2_0_153532_FvvgSrh00SdeNnV5P6SaFY2JRzyN.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>上世纪60年代，党和政府提倡在沿海沙质地带，广种适合盐碱沙地的木麻黄树。山地除栽种传统的马尾松外，也引种了耐风煞的黑松。实践证明，这些树种适合江阴地气环境，生长普遍良好，尤其是沿海木麻黄连带成片，成为挡风固沙的“绿色长城”，根除了江阴半岛的风沙灾害。</p><p>改革开放以后，随着生活品质的改善，燃料改革也随着一步步展开。先是以煤代柴，后来又用上了煤气和天然气，再后来又普及了电炊具，江阴半岛民众已经基本上改变了传承千年的以柴草煮饭的生活方式。山上的马尾松、黑松等树木避免了还未长成就被砍下填入灶膛的卮运，沿海的木麻黄也逐渐壮大成林成片，海风拂过，山上山下林涛阵阵，配合着兴化湾的海潮声、江阴港进出港巨轮的马达声，汇成一曲曲新时代人与自然和谐共生的山海交响，“玉屿松涛”2.0版已生机勃发地呈现在人们眼前。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240522125023front2_0_153532_Fu4K3MWy0OQ283jA2K3AY2qNlX5l.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="960" height="719" data-qf-origin="forum/20240522125023front2_0_153532_Fu4K3MWy0OQ283jA2K3AY2qNlX5l.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>作者：严家梅，福清市首批社科专家</p><p>来源：知福清</p><p>2024-05-22 12:05 福建 </p> <!----></div>
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